{"id":762,"date":"2026-10-28T00:46:50","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T00:46:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/txinjuryadvocates.com\/staging\/4683\/barnes-v-felix-u-s-supreme-court\/"},"modified":"2026-10-28T04:09:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T04:09:21","slug":"barnes-v-felix","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/txinjuryadvocates.com\/staging\/4683\/barnes-v-felix\/","title":{"rendered":"Barnes v. Felix \u2014 U.S. Supreme Court"},"content":{"rendered":"<main id='oxy-main'><div class=\"oxy-container-762-178 oxy-container bf-sc-wrap\"><section class=\"oxy-container-762-108 oxy-container bf-sc-hero\"><div class=\"oxy-container-762-105 oxy-container bf-sc-hero-text\"><p class=\"oxy-text-762-100 oxy-text bf-h-eyebrow\">\nLandmark civil rights case \u00b7 U.S. Supreme Court\n<\/p><h1 class=\"oxy-text-762-101 oxy-text bf-sc-h1\">\nBarnes v. Felix\n<\/h1><p class=\"oxy-text-762-102 oxy-text bf-sc-cite\">\n605 U.S. 73 (2025) \u00b7 No. 23-1239\n<\/p><p class=\"oxy-text-762-103 oxy-text bf-sc-lead\">\nIn a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court of the United States rejected the \u201cmoment of threat\u201d rule that had limited how courts judge police use of deadly force. Attorney Adam Fomby served as lead counsel for Janice Hughes Barnes, the mother of Ashtian Barnes, from the trial court through the Supreme Court.\n<\/p><a class=\"oxy-text-link-762-104 oxy-text-link bf-h-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/txinjuryadvocates.com\/staging\/4683\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">\nTalk to an attorney\n<\/a><\/div><figure class=\"oxy-container-762-107 oxy-container bf-sc-hero-photo\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-762-106 oxy-image bf-sc-hero-img\" src=\"https:\/\/txinjuryadvocates.com\/staging\/4683\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/adam-fomby-us-supreme-court-03-1536x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Attorney Adam Fomby in front of the U.S. Supreme Court building\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\"><\/figure><\/section><ul class=\"oxy-container-762-121 oxy-container bf-sc-facts\"><li class=\"oxy-container-762-111 oxy-container bf-sc-fact\"><span class=\"oxy-text-762-109 oxy-text bf-sc-fact-label\">\nArgued\n<\/span><span class=\"oxy-text-762-110 oxy-text bf-sc-fact-val\">\nJanuary 22, 2025\n<\/span><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-762-114 oxy-container bf-sc-fact\"><span class=\"oxy-text-762-112 oxy-text bf-sc-fact-label\">\nDecided\n<\/span><span class=\"oxy-text-762-113 oxy-text bf-sc-fact-val\">\nMay 15, 2025\n<\/span><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-762-117 oxy-container bf-sc-fact\"><span class=\"oxy-text-762-115 oxy-text bf-sc-fact-label\">\nVote\n<\/span><span class=\"oxy-text-762-116 oxy-text bf-sc-fact-val\">\n9\u20130\n<\/span><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-762-120 oxy-container bf-sc-fact\"><span class=\"oxy-text-762-118 oxy-text bf-sc-fact-label\">\nOpinion\n<\/span><span class=\"oxy-text-762-119 oxy-text bf-sc-fact-val\">\nJustice Elena Kagan\n<\/span><\/li><\/ul><section class=\"oxy-container-762-128 oxy-container bf-sc-sec\"><div class=\"oxy-container-762-124 oxy-container bf-sc-side\"><p class=\"oxy-text-762-122 oxy-text bf-h-eyebrow\">\nThe case\n<\/p><h2 class=\"oxy-text-762-123 oxy-text bf-sc-h2\">\nA traffic stop over <span class=\"bf-sc-b\">unpaid tolls.<\/span>\n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-762-127 oxy-container bf-sc-body\"><p class=\"oxy-text-762-125 oxy-text bf-sc-p\">\nOn April 28, 2016, Harris County Deputy Constable Roberto Felix Jr. pulled over 24-year-old Ashtian Barnes on the Sam Houston Tollway in Houston because the rental car he was driving had outstanding toll violations. About two minutes into the stop, as the car began to move forward, Officer Felix jumped onto the door sill and fired two shots into the car. Ashtian Barnes died at the scene.\n<\/p><p class=\"oxy-text-762-126 oxy-text bf-sc-p\">\nHis mother sued under 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1983, alleging that the officer used excessive force in violation of the Fourth Amendment. The federal district court and the Fifth Circuit both ruled for the officer by applying the Fifth Circuit\u2019s \u201cmoment of threat\u201d doctrine, which looked only at the final two seconds before the shots were fired and set aside everything that led up to them.\n<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-762-188 oxy-container bf-sc-fam\"><figure class=\"oxy-container-762-181 oxy-container bf-sc-fam-fig\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-762-179 oxy-image bf-sc-fam-img\" src=\"https:\/\/txinjuryadvocates.com\/staging\/4683\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/barnes-family-nbc-news.webp\" alt=\"Ashtian Barnes\u2019s family holding his photograph\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"820\" height=\"661\"><figcaption class=\"oxy-text-762-180 oxy-text bf-sc-fam-cap\">\nAshtian Barnes\u2019s family holds his photograph. Photo: Michael Starghill Jr. \/ NBC News\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"oxy-container-762-187 oxy-container bf-sc-fam-txt\"><p class=\"oxy-text-762-182 oxy-text bf-h-eyebrow\">\nThe family\n<\/p><h2 class=\"oxy-text-762-183 oxy-text bf-sc-h2\">\nNine years <span class=\"bf-sc-b\">of fighting for Ashtian.<\/span>\n<\/h2><p class=\"oxy-text-762-184 oxy-text bf-sc-fam-p\">\nAshtian Barnes was 24 years old. His mother, Janice Hughes Barnes, refused to accept that a two-second window could decide whether his death was justified, and she carried his case from a Houston federal courtroom all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States.\n<\/p><p class=\"oxy-text-762-185 oxy-text bf-sc-fam-p\">\nThe family\u2019s story was featured by NBC News before the case was argued in January 2025.\n<\/p><a class=\"oxy-text-link-762-186 oxy-text-link bf-sc-fam-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/supreme-court\/split-second-decision-supreme-court-returns-question-police-killings-rcna183005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\nRead the NBC News story\n<\/a><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-762-142 oxy-container bf-sc-sec bf-sc-alt\"><div class=\"oxy-container-762-131 oxy-container bf-sc-side\"><p class=\"oxy-text-762-129 oxy-text bf-h-eyebrow\">\nThe decision\n<\/p><h2 class=\"oxy-text-762-130 oxy-text bf-sc-h2\">\nNo more <span class=\"bf-sc-b\">\u201cchronological blinders.\u201d<\/span>\n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-762-141 oxy-container bf-sc-body\"><p class=\"oxy-text-762-132 oxy-text bf-sc-p\">\nThe Supreme Court vacated the Fifth Circuit\u2019s judgment. Writing for all nine Justices, Justice Kagan held that whether an officer\u2019s use of force was reasonable must be judged by the totality of the circumstances, including the events leading up to the moment force was used, not by a narrow window around the final seconds.\n<\/p><blockquote class=\"oxy-text-762-133 oxy-text bf-sc-quote\">\n\u201cThe question presented to us was one of timing alone: whether to look only at the encounter\u2019s final two seconds, or also to consider earlier events serving to put those seconds in context.\u201d<span class=\"bf-sc-quote-by\">\u2014 Justice Elena Kagan, for the Court<\/span>\n<\/blockquote><ul class=\"oxy-container-762-140 oxy-container bf-sc-list\"><li class=\"oxy-container-762-135 oxy-container bf-sc-li\"><div class=\"oxy-text-762-134 oxy-text\">\nThe rule now applies in every federal court in the country, including the Fifth Circuit, which covers Texas.\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-762-137 oxy-container bf-sc-li\"><div class=\"oxy-text-762-136 oxy-text\">\nCourts reviewing an excessive-force claim may consider what the officer did before the \u201cmoment of threat,\u201d not just the instant the trigger was pulled.\n<\/div><\/li><li class=\"oxy-container-762-139 oxy-container bf-sc-li\"><div class=\"oxy-text-762-138 oxy-text\">\nThe United States, through the Solicitor General, filed a brief supporting vacatur of the Fifth Circuit\u2019s judgment.\n<\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-762-150 oxy-container bf-sc-sec\"><div class=\"oxy-container-762-145 oxy-container bf-sc-side\"><p class=\"oxy-text-762-143 oxy-text bf-h-eyebrow\">\nOur role\n<\/p><h2 class=\"oxy-text-762-144 oxy-text bf-sc-h2\">\nFrom the trial court <span class=\"bf-sc-b\">to the Supreme Court.<\/span>\n<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-762-149 oxy-container bf-sc-body\"><p class=\"oxy-text-762-146 oxy-text bf-sc-p\">\nAdam Fomby served as lead counsel for the Barnes family from the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas, through the Fifth Circuit, to the Supreme Court, with final say over the briefing and strategy at every stage. He argued the case in both the district court and the Fifth Circuit, and worked on the case with Howard Fomby of the Fomby Law Firm.\n<\/p><p class=\"oxy-text-762-147 oxy-text bf-sc-p\">\nAt the Supreme Court, he partnered with Neal Katyal, former Acting Solicitor General of the United States, and the appellate teams at Hogan Lovells LLP and Milbank LLP. Nathaniel A. G. Zelinsky presented the oral argument. The Court\u2019s unanimous ruling now governs excessive-force cases in every federal court in the country.\n<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-762-169 oxy-container bf-sc-gallery\"><div class=\"oxy-container-762-155 oxy-container bf-sc-g-head\"><div class=\"oxy-container-762-153 oxy-container bf-sc-g-title\"><p class=\"oxy-text-762-151 oxy-text bf-h-eyebrow\">\nGallery\n<\/p><h2 class=\"oxy-text-762-152 oxy-text bf-sc-h2\">\nAt the <span class=\"bf-sc-b\">Supreme Court.<\/span>\n<\/h2><\/div><p class=\"oxy-text-762-154 oxy-text bf-sc-credit\">\nPhotos: Ana Isabel Photography\n<\/p><\/div><div class=\"oxy-container-762-168 oxy-container bf-sc-grid\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-762-156 oxy-image bf-sc-g-img\" src=\"https:\/\/txinjuryadvocates.com\/staging\/4683\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/adam-fomby-us-supreme-court-09-1536x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Adam Fomby on the plaza of the U.S. Supreme Court\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1536\" height=\"1024\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-762-157 oxy-image bf-sc-g-img\" src=\"https:\/\/txinjuryadvocates.com\/staging\/4683\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/adam-fomby-us-supreme-court-07-682x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Adam Fomby on the steps of the U.S. Supreme Court\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"682\" height=\"1024\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"oxy-image-762-161 oxy-image bf-sc-g-img\" src=\"https:\/\/txinjuryadvocates.com\/staging\/4683\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/adam-fomby-us-supreme-court-08-682x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Adam Fomby in front of the Supreme Court columns\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"682\" height=\"1024\"><\/div><\/section><section class=\"oxy-container-762-174 oxy-container bf-sc-cta\"><div class=\"oxy-container-762-172 oxy-container\"><h2 class=\"oxy-text-762-170 oxy-text bf-sc-cta-h\">\nHurt by someone who was supposed to protect you?\n<\/h2><p class=\"oxy-text-762-171 oxy-text bf-sc-cta-p\">\nTalk with an attorney who has taken a civil rights case from a Houston traffic stop to the U.S. Supreme Court. Consultations are free.\n<\/p><\/div><a class=\"oxy-text-link-762-173 oxy-text-link bf-sc-cta-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/txinjuryadvocates.com\/staging\/4683\/contact\/\" target=\"_self\">\nStart my free case review\n<\/a><\/section><div class=\"oxy-container-762-177 oxy-container bf-sc-src\"><p class=\"oxy-text-762-175 oxy-text bf-sc-note\">\nSource: <a class=\"bf-sc-src-a\" href=\"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/605\/23-1239\/\">Barnes v. Felix, 605 U.S. 73 (2025)<\/a>, Supreme Court No. 23-1239.\n<\/p><p class=\"oxy-text-762-176 oxy-text bf-sc-note\">\nThis page describes a past case for informational purposes. Every case is different, and past results do not guarantee a similar outcome in any future matter.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/main>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Barnes v. Felix (2025): the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously rejected the &#8220;moment of threat&#8221; rule in police excessive-force cases. Attorney Adam Fomby represented the Barnes family.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":749,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","content-type":"","_oxygen_hide_in_design_set":false,"_oxygen_tags":"","nfd_onboarding_generated":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-762","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Landmark civil rights case \u00b7 U.S. Supreme Court Barnes v. Felix 605 U.S. 73 (2025) \u00b7 No. 23-1239 In a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court of the United States rejected the \u201cmoment of threat\u201d rule that had limited how courts judge police use of deadly force. 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